Manual for War in a Urban environment-

This document, originally authored by an American for Ukraine, underscores critical aspects of military strategy that have been disseminated through Russian channels following its translation. It highlights the significant advantage held by trained city defenders in urban warfare scenarios.

For instance, in 2016, it required over 100,000 fighters and nine months to capture Mosul, a city that housed between 5,000 and 10,000 ISIS fighters. Similarly, the battle of Stalingrad demonstrated that hundreds of thousands of troops were necessary for a successful assault.

Military science further suggests that an attacker typically requires three to five times the number of soldiers compared to defensive forces in less complex terrains. In urban combat, the odds can be even more daunting, as attackers might need five or more soldiers to overcome a single defender, illuminating the challenges of urban warfare.